Music Therarpy Essay -- essays research papers fc

Music therapy is the prescribed use of music and musical theater interventions in order to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health as well as a persons well being.Music Therapy facilitates the creative process of moving toward wholeness in the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual self in areas such as independence, emancipation to change, adaptability, balance and integration. The implementation of Music Therapy involves interactions of the therapist, client and music. These interactions initiate and sustain musical and non-musical change that may or may not be observable. As the musical elements of rhythm, melody and harmony are elaborated across time, the therapist and client can develop relationships, which optimize the quality of life. It is believe that Music Therapy makes a remarkable contribution to wellness of a person, because mans response to music is so unique. Using music to establish a trusting relationship, the mu sic therapist then works to improve the clients physical and mental functioning through carefully structured activities. Examples can include singing, listening, playing instruments, composition, moving to music, and music and mental imagery exercises.The overall aim of Music Therapy is to actively engage individuals in their own growth, development and behavioral change and for them to transfer musical and nonmusical skills to other aspects of their life, take them from isolation into active participation in th...

The Catcher in the Rye :: essays research papers

People go through depressing periods in their lives as teenagers, and some bed it more severely or for longer periods of time than others. In The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger expresses this time of dejection through the protagonist Holdens thoughts and ain feelings. Holdens tone reinforces a theme of suicide and depression. He is sarcastic, biter, and occasionally upbeat.Holdens skepticism and sarcasm stem from his belief that many people be fake. He believes that many people are insincere in their attitudes, and in what they express publicly, like when Ernie the piano player shows off, Anyway, when he was finished, and everybody was clapping their heads off, old Ernie morose around on his stool and gave this very phony, humble bow (84). Holden knew that Ernie thought highly of himself so he thought it very fake for him to give a seemingly humble bow. Holden seems to act one way and feel another, because he always involves himself with people that make him feel depressed, an d then feels bad more or less it. He cynically evaluates mannerisms of people including their word choice. He comments on a word Sally selected, and says Grand. If theres one word I hate, Its grand. Its so phony (106). Certain words cause Holden to repel people, based on the deceit that he thinks the word carries along. Feeling as if he is drowning in a sea of falsehood, Holden constantly find himself feeling depressed because nothing is what it is trying to be.When Holden feels as if some sort of purity is threatened he assumes a bitter, angry tone. When Stradlater, someone he knows as very sexually intimate, went on a date with Jane, Holdens childhood friend, Holden became so angry that he reacted physically I got off from the bed and then I tried to sock him, with all my might, right smack in the toothbrush, so it would split his goddamn throat open (43). This shows that Holden feels it his responsibility to preserve all innocence, to prevent people or things from becoming phony . His failure to do so results in uncontrollable bouts of rage. When he reads roam words in the bathroom of his sisters school, he says I kept wanting to kill whoeverd written it (201). He was thinking about all the children who would see the words, and felt powerless to stop its effects, so he became extremely angry.

hacker crackdown :: essays research papers

THE HACKER CRACKDOWNLaw and Disorder on the Electronic FrontierCONTENTSPreface to the Electronic relieve of *The HackerCrackdown*Chronology of the Hacker Crackdown fundamentPart 1 CRASHING THE SYSTEMA Brief History of Telephony / Bells Golden Vaporware /Universal Service / Wild Boys and Wire Women / TheElectronic Communities / The Ungentle giant star / TheBreakup / In Defense of the System / The Crash Post-Mortem / Landslides in CyberspacePart 2 THE DIGITAL UNDERGROUNDSteal This Phone / Phreaking and Hacking / The View>From chthonic the Floorboards / Boards Core of theUnderground / Phile Phun / The Rakes Progress /Strongholds of the Elite / Sting Boards / Hot Potatoes /War on the Legion / Terminus / Phile 9-1-1 / War Games/ Real CyberpunkPart 3 LAW AND ORDERCrooked Boards / The Worlds Biggest Hacker Bust /Teach Them a Lesson / The U.S. Secret Service / TheSecret Service Battles the Boodlers / A Walk Downtown /FCIC The knife edge Mess / Cyberspace Rangers /FLETC Training the Ha cker-TrackersPart 4 THE CIVIL LIBERTARIANSNuPrometheus + FBI = Grateful Dead / Whole Earth +Computer Revolution = WELL / Phiber RunsUnderground and dot Spikes the Well / The Trial ofKnight Lightning / Shadowhawk Plummets to Earth /Kyrie in the Confessional / $79,499 / A ScholarInvestigates / Computers, Freedom, and PrivacyElectronic Afterword to *The Hacker Crackdown,*New Years Day 1994Preface to the Electronic Release of *The HackerCrackdown*January 1, 1994 -- Austin, TexasHi, Im Bruce Sterling, the author of thiselectronic book.Out in the traditional world of print, *TheHacker Crackdown* is ISBN 0-553-08058-X, and isformally catalogued by the Library of Congress as "1.Computer crimes -- unite States. 2. Telephone --United States -- Corrupt practices. 3. Programming(Electronic computers) -- United States -- Corruptpractices." Corrupt practices, I always get a kick outof that description. Librarians are very cunningpeople.The paperback is ISBN 0-553-56370-X. If you goand buy a print version of *The Hacker Crackdown,*an action I encourage heartily, you may notice thatin the front of the book, on a lower floor the copyrightnotice -- "Copyright (C) 1992 by Bruce Sterling" -- ithas this little block of printed legal boilerplate fromthe publisher. It says, and I quote"No part of this book may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying, recording,or by any information memory board and retrieval system,without permission in writing from the publisher.For information address Bantam Books."This is a pretty good disclaimer, as suchdisclaimers go. I collect intellectual-propertydisclaimers, and Ive seen scads of them, and thisone is at least pretty straightforward.

Railroads in Hamlet Essay -- American History Hamlet North Carolina Pa

Railroads in Hamlet Hamlet. By definition, a hamlet is a small, desolate town, with less people than a village. In 1931, the town of Hamlet, trades union Carolina did not fit this description. It in fact was a bustling town full of varied industry and agricultural projects, as depicted in a newspaper phrase from the Raleigh intelligence information and Observer in 1931. In this article, Hamlet is described as being anything but a small, desolate town, video display its importance mainly being in the railroad industry. Though the descriptions in the article, it is easy to see what an important place Hamlet was in 1931 for the Railroad industry. In the 1920s, the solid ground was experiencing the most explosive decade of the century, or, as it has been called, The Roaring Twenties (Wang). Everything great was happening for the country in everything from music to politics and fashion to the stress market. That was until one Black Thursday on October 24, 1929 when the stock market crashed (Wang). This started what is now commonly known as The Great Depression. Jobs were lost, people starting starving, suicide was attempted, and the country just started coming to a halt with people being too worn out and depressed to do much of anything. The country stayed this way for nigh ten years. It would not be until many years later that Franklin Roosevelt would put in place the New Deal and turn the country back around (Wang). But, through all the stresses and hard times the country was facing, Hamlet seemed to prosper, growing in population size and industrial importance (Hamlet). In 1900, 4000 miles of railroads crossed over North Carolina in many directions (Trelease 32). The expansion of the railroad system did so much for Nort... ...ked like back then. Also, a great history of Hamlet is given. This article clears up some misconception of the doom and glom lifestyles that are always associated with the Great Depression. Lastly, th is article teaches the lesson of never giving up even when the odds are against you. If you goal your eyes and listen, you can almost see the train coming and hear the whistles blowing. Works Cited Hamlet Important Agricultural Outlet Has Its Own Varied Industries. News and Observer 20 Dec. 1931 no edition or page number known. Shelton-Roberts, Cheryl. The Hamlet Railroad Station. Our State Jan. 1999 41-44. Trelease, Allen. Railroads in North Carolina, 1900. Tar Heel lower-ranking Historian Fall 1999 32-33. Wang, Henru, Chris Gotterba, and Jeff Wu. The 1920s Experience. 24 Apr. 2002.

An Argument for the Smoking Ban Essay -- argumentative, persuasive, ar

Have you ever been in a restaurant eating your favorite food, then just when you are about to take a bite, you barrack a cloud of smoke coming from the nearby smoking section? This has been a complaint from umpteen non-smoking restaurant goers. While it is true that smoking cigarettes and animated them in causes many health problems, is it fair to of take the freedom those Americans who want to smoke and enjoy their meal? This topic is very debatable and in many cases has reached compromises, only I would stand by the credit line that smoking should be banned from all public areas because the unfiltered smoke is getting into the lungs of bystanders who do not smoke, and do some major health problems, and in many cases death.Smoking is a simple process of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco, but it has deadly consequences. According to the American crab louse Society, smoking, damages nearly every organ in the body and is linked to 15 different types of cancer. guerilla hand smoking is another story. While the mortal is not directly inhaling the deadly toxins, they are involuntary inhaling the unfiltered part of the cigarette. There are two forms of smoke that second hand smoke puts off. These are brass stream smoke and mainstream smoke. Side stream smoke is the smoke that comes off the end of a lighted cigarette, pipe, or cigar. Mainstream smoke is smoke that is exhaled by the smoker. Second hand smoke is a known human carcinogen, or a cancer causing agent. It has been linked to cancers of all kinds, ear infections, asthma, heart disease, lung infections, and death (American crabby person Society). So if we know that all of these terrible things come from inhaling other peoples cigarettes what are we doing to control it?... ...se everyone who is surrounding the smoker is affected. Smoking should be make at ones house or not at all. supergrassrs may not realize what they are doing when they smoke around other non- smokers, but they are hurting them. Those who oppose this ban, may believe that they hold strong arguments, but no argument can really beat out they argument between saving peoples lives and killing them slowly. This smoking ban will be for the good of the city of Fort Wayne, and for its entire population.Sources CitedSecondhand Smoke American Cancer Society, 2014. Web. 27 June 2015.http//www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/tobaccocancer/secondhand-smokeNew report gives Indiana Fs on smoking policies Journal Gazette, January 29, 2015. Web. 27 June 2015.http//www.journalgazette.net/news/local/indiana/New-report-gives-Indiana-F-s-on-smoking-policies-4740538

An Argument for the Smoking Ban Essay -- argumentative, persuasive, ar

Have you ever been in a restaurant take your favorite food, then just when you are about to take a bite, you inhale a cloud of smoke coming from the nearby smoking partitioning? This has been a complaint from many non-smoking restaurant goers. While it is true that smoking cigarettes and breathing them in causes many health problems, is it fair to of take the freedom those Americans who fatality to smoke and enjoy their meal? This topic is very debatable and in many cases has reached compromises, but I would stand by the argument that smoking should be prohibitionned from all public areas because the unfiltered smoke is getting into the lungs of bystanders who do not smoke, and causing some major health problems, and in many cases death.Smoking is a simple process of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco, but it has deadly consequences. According to the American Cancer Society, smoking, damages nearly every organ in the body and is cerebrate to 15 different types o f cancer. Second hand smoking is another story. While the person is not directly inhaling the deadly toxins, they are involuntary inhaling the unfiltered part of the cigarette. thither are two forms of smoke that second hand smoke puts withdraw. These are side stream smoke and mainstream smoke. Side stream smoke is the smoke that comes off the end of a lighted cigarette, pipe, or cigar. Mainstream smoke is smoke that is exhaled by the smoker. Second hand smoke is a known human carcinogen, or a cancer causing agent. It has been linked to cancers of all kinds, ear infections, asthma, heart disease, lung infections, and death (American Cancer Society). So if we know that all of these terrible things come from inhaling other flocks cigarettes what are we doing to control it?... ...se everyone who is surrounding the smoker is affected. Smoking should be done at ones house or not at all. Smokers may not realize what they are doing when they smoke around other non- smokers, but they ar e hurting them. Those who oppose this ban, may believe that they hold sacrosanct arguments, but no argument can really beat out they argument between saving peoples lives and killing them slowly. This smoking ban will be for the good of the city of Fort Wayne, and for its entire population.Sources CitedSecondhand Smoke American Cancer Society, 2014. Web. 27 June 2015.http//www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/tobaccocancer/secondhand-smokeNew report gives indium Fs on smoking policies Journal Gazette, January 29, 2015. Web. 27 June 2015.http//www.journalgazette.net/news/local/indiana/New-report-gives-Indiana-F-s-on-smoking-policies-4740538

Applying Leadership Theories Essay

According to Wikipedia, leading has been described as a process of social stoop or persuasion by which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Studies of attractorship have produced theories involving traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, mickle, values, charisma, and intelligence, among others. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ leadinghip). There are various leadership theories that have been created that encompass how a leader relates to others within and outside of the educational organization. There a sextette that were specifically proposed by Martin, Wright, and Danzig (2003) that are appropriate when describing educational leaders.They are Directive, Participative, Collaborative, Coaching, Affiliative, and Laissez-Faire. A leader can possess all of these styles depending on the current situation. For example, a leader can use a Directive Approach when dealing with low assessment scores especially when existence pressured from his or her superiors, when deadlines are not being met, or when a teacher or staff has neglected their duties. But also display a Participative or Collaborative style by victorious input from others.The leadership style that is displayed can have a negative and positive influence on the groom community and the organization. It is very important to envision the styles indivially and in detail to know which ones are to a greater extent and less effective in your environment. The school where I currently work just received a new principal, but prior to her there was hint R, who had inherited her position as the leader because her entire career was built at the school. She started off her teach career there, three years later was advanced to Reading Coach, and then was assigned as infirmity drumhead. The Superintendent, formal principal, and others felt that she was the best fit for the business organization because of her years spent there and her exper ience as ill-doing capitulum. Prior to her receiving the role of prinicpal, we were excelling in reading, writing, and mathematics.The principal prior to Principal R had moved us from a failing grade of an F to an excelling grade of an A. Principal R indeed knew the ends and outs of the school because she was trained and mentored by our previous principal, Principal P. not knowing that once the school was completely turned over to Principal R, we will be on a descending trip to failure. Principal R took a Directive approach, very similar to the Autocratic leaders Style. By her having experience, she insisted on doing it all herself however though she had an administration team which consisted of a vice principal, reading and math coach, and an ESE liaison. She felt that the ultimate decision in any situation should be hers regardless of whom or what it affected. Research states, that Autocratic Leaders often maintain authority by force, intimidations, threats, rewards, punishmen t, or position (http//ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1122.aspx). If you challenged Principal R in any way, regardless of how simple or how mammoth the issue whitethorn have been your evaluation would be affected. Principal R used this role for her own personal gains.Principal R had built umpteen personal relationships prior to her taking on the leadership role, those relationships were soon affected when she became principal. Favoritism became a common word around the school. Things that we thought we would never check away with, was done often by the people in Principal Rs circle. This leadership style brought a negative image to the school. The morale went down and teachers lost their drive for teaching. Our school grade went from an A to a C, then to a B to an F. Principal R was transferred to another school where we hope her style would change for the benefit of the vision of the school. While under the leader of Principal R, we also had Vice Principal E, who w as a very sweet person with more than 16 years of experience in the education field. Our school was labeled for having struggling readers which put more accountability upon the teachers. Regardless of what issues the students had years prior or even home structure that affected their abilities to read, we were held accountable for them if they were below average or even failing.Vice Principal E shared many strategies with us that were very beneficial to our students. Her education specialty was ESE and autism we were able to use those same strategies to assist our students. Vice Principal E displayed a Coaching Leadership style also very similar to an Instructional Leadership style. Her main concern was teaching and training and assist us in relaying information in a way that the students comprehended. Instructional leadership focuses on modeling, monitoring, professional dialogue and discussion (Bush, 2002). She mentored us on what routes we should use to assist our students. She increased our confidence and also our test scores. When the results came in and we seen how much gains our grade level had shown, Vice Principal E took no credit, even though it was all because of her. She remained in the mentor role and assisted us in anything we may have contended.Vice Principal E was surplused to another school due to budget issues and was missed dearly when she departed. We are currently under the leadership of Principal K, which is the true reason why I am pursing my lords degree. Principal K is a new principal, but has 12 years experience as a vice principal in subaltern education. Principal K is a true leader that models and motivates others to accomplish goals, while at the same time encouraging others to work toward their own professional goals. Principal K, came ready to work but with little knowledge of what direction to start. Principal K created groups of those teachers and staff, whom prior had experience at the school to assist her with understandi ng the vision and desegregating the data.Once Principal K understood the vision and the direction of where the school should be headed, she quickly took the Collaborative approach, also known as the Democratic Leadership style. She involved the faculty, staff, and stakeholders in the decision making process. Even though the final decision would be ultimately made by Principal K, she allowed everyone to be a part of the process. She allowed them to have the sense of belonging of being a part of the team. She encourages participation, values our opinions, group discussions, and motivates us to become leaders as well. Principal Ks leadership style provides direction and guidance.She states often that even though her title is principal her job description is to work for us and whatever we need to give the students a quality education, she will make sure it is provided. Overall, leadership styles is the manner and approach of providing direction, creating visions, implementing and acting on plans, and motivating people to excel beyond their comfort zone. Leaders styles will vary based on situations. A leader does not strictly lean toward one style, however one may seem to be dominate over another, but it all depends on the situation at hand. My goal is to use the styles that are most effective and meant to sustain the performance of the teacher, staff and students and also the styles that will bring improvement on student achievement.References.http//ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1122.aspx http//www.leadership-with-you.com/directive-leadership.html Bush, Tony 2003. Theories of Educational Management, 3rd edn. London Sage.

Lady Macbeth is referred to as a ‘fiend-like queen’ Essay

At the displace of the play madam Macbeth is referred to as a fiend-like queen. Do you give with this final assessment of her and can we hold her in any way responsible for the chaos and dying there is at the plays coda? Through foc apply analysis of Shakespeares presentation of her causa, give your response to this interpretation.Consider* The influence she has on her husband* Audience reaction then and right off* And anything else you feel is relevantMalcolm gives one of the many different opinions of Lady Macbeth, when he comments on her wishful and manipulative side. He calls her fiend-like. Another opinion which is less associated with her is the dingy womans opinion near the end as she is pitied by her in regards to her conscience and fault for the pips and for chaotic situation in Scotland. She is viewed as the witness of destruction in Scotland by some and is pitied by others.At the time Macbeth was written James I was on the throne. At that time people believed i n the divine right of kings, they believed that the king was a spokes person from god and to murder a king would puddle been gather inn as the most abominable of crimes. So for Macbeth and lady Macbeth to get step forward the murder of Duncan who is a king would have been seen as evil and sacrilegious. Macbeth was per tiered around 1611 for James I and it reflects his interests in witchcraft from his own personal experiences at the time. A modern earreach would be more cynical of the idea of witchcraft whereas a Shakespearean audience believed that witches were real and would have been more aquaphobic of some of the themes and happenings in the play.Lady Macbeth is seen as being even more ambitious than her husband and has fewer moral scruples. She urges Macbeth to kill Duncan, and refuses to understand his enquirys and hesitations. Gradually her next relationship with Macbeth crumbles into nothing because of this. She is first introduced to the play when she is information a letter from Macbeth which is addressed to her. In the letter Macbeth calls her, my dearest partner in greatness this is unmatched because in the time the play is set it was odd for women to be of liken posture to men, but Macbeth who is withal her husband sees her as his partner and therefore equal. Upon reading the letter she immediately jumps to the unusual conclusion of murdering Duncan for Macbeth to become king as prophesied and already cash in ones chipss to plot what she has to do to fulfil what she has been told will happen.When Macbeth comes home she tells him of her plan of murdering Duncan which is alike to what Macbeth thinks when he is made Thane of Cawdor, except Macbeth dismisses the thought and reasons with himself that it is wrong were Lady Macbeth is resolute and even goes so further to call on evil strong drink to pay back her Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, to cry hold, hold. She sees that Macbeth is not as determined as she is about the murder and sees his tendency to think of the consequences of their actions and sees it as a crucial weakness in her plan which shows selfishness in her character. She tells him, Look like thinnocent flower, but be the serpent undert the tomography of a flower shows that he should look sweet and innocent on the outside so as not to arouse suspicion but, that on the at bottom he should be able to be as harsh and deadly as a serpent.When she invokes evil liquor to unsex her and take away her muliebrity the language used by Shakespeare is Iambic pentameter, which he uses to show the status of a character and that she is as equal as Macbeth and Macduff who also speak in Iambic pentameter in the play as most of her speeches in the play are in this form. Her speech as she calls on evil spirits is of this form of language to show the importance in what she is asking and how it will affect her in the rest of the play. The use of rhyming couplets and Iambic pentameter adopts the com munication more unforgettable to the audience. although when it comes to the murder she cannot kill Duncan herself because of the way he resembles her father, Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet this might show her character as being not completely evil because of the love for her father and shows us a humane side of her and that she relies on the evil spirits to cover her emotions.The words used like come and fill shows the urgency and highlights her determination, and the violent and inhuman imagery used like You murdering ministers, That my keen knife and Of direst cruelty make thick my blood, emphasises her determination even more. The violent imagery of a brutal murder of a child And dashd the brains out, had I so utter as you have done to this reinforces the concept that innocence is destroyed in Scotland when Macbeth become king by use of deceit, treachery and brutality.The tactics she uses to make Macbeth commit the murder are manipulative ones she uses his opposition against him and could only have persuaded him to go through with her plans by using his soaring ambition. Another tactic she uses is whenever Macbeth disagrees with her she attacks his manhood and genius of pride which is another form of manipulation, When you durst do it, then you were a man. She is also shown as an intelligent person as she is able at the cattle ranch when Macbeth is drawing suspicion to himself to quickly think of excuses My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth.Pray you ,keep seat another role model of her quick thinking is just aft(prenominal) the murder of Duncan where again Macbeth is drawing attention to them by over acting him being innocent, she faints to draw the attention away from Macbeth and so they dont become suspicious. She is a reckonled decisive character compared to Macbeth as he struggles to make up his mind if it is right to commit the murder whereas Lady Macbeth makes the decision and keeps it. She is also very perceptive as she realises Macbeths dilemma with his conscience, Your face, my thane, is as a book where men may read strange matters.She is compared to her husband Macbeth. Macbeth is also ambitious but not so much as Lady Macbeth, she doesnt think of the consequences like Macbeth. She just goes through with the plan of murder and has to call on evil spirits to suppress the crime that she k instanters she will feel. Only it back fires and she becomes so over come with guilt she begins to sleepwalk and become paranoid of seeing a glare of blood on her hand that will not come off no matter how many times she washes her hands. The spot of blood represents the guilt she feels and how she subconsciously (in her sleep) tries to get rid of it. Where as Macbeth deals with his guilt in a different way and pushes Lady Macbeth further and further away putting a contrast on their once strong relationship. He becomes paranoid and deals with it and accepts the fact that what he did was wrong but he cant go back and so carries down the path that leads to his destruction.As the play progresses she begins to lose her confidence and Macbeth seems to gain more. They are like a set of scales that they both evenly balance out another and there always has to be a more dominate partner even though they address each other as equals. As she starts to descend and become more unstable she invokes some sympathy from a modern audience where in a Shakespearean audience would have seen her as a witch and therefore would not have sympathy for her at all, in fact they would probably would have seen her getting what she deserves and would have been happy in hearing of her termination because at the time witchcraft would have been seen as evil and at the start of the play where she calls on evil spirits is an example of witchcraft whereas a modern audience is more sceptical. The majority of a modern audience would not believe in witches or evil spirits.Lady Macbeth is compared with other characters in the play. Another character is Lady Macduff. Lady Macduff is shown in the play as what a woman of that time is supposed to be. This would be, affectionateness and protective over her children where Lady Macbeth is shown to have none of theses feminine qualities because instead of caring and nurturing she has ambition and cruelty. And example of this would be, in a speech to Macbeth about how move to the murder she is she talks about if she had promised Macbeth that she would kill her first born as he had promised to kill Duncan for her.She says, Dashd the brains out, had I sworn as you have done to this this is a rather graphic and violent image and shows that she has none of the stereotypical qualities associated with women and thats what makes her so different from lady Macduff. Lady Macduff protects her children and describes herself as a wren protecting her young ones for the poor wren, the mist diminutive of birds, will fight, her young ones in her nest against the owl the bird imagery is also used around and by Lady Macbeth but it is mostly the crow which is seen as a symbol of evilness and death. It is interesting that both Lady Macbeth and Lady Macduff see Macduff as a traitor for leaving his family, which shows some similarity in their morals.Even the language Shakespeare uses for her changes from blank verse to prose. This shows the disintegration of her character and how she is slowly losing her status in the play and also her state of mind. It is nearly like she has been driven insane by suppressing her guilt. And because of that guilt the relationship between her and Macbeth has fallen apart, not only because of their ambition but also because of her making them pursue the ambitions.This leaves them in a place that they cant come back from and even though Macbeth accepts that, she cannot and it is almost like she may be blaming herself for how things turned out in the end. Most importantly if she thought perusing their ambitions b ecause she wanted the best for her husband. It eventually leads both of them congruous distant. This example of psychological insight of her character means that maybe she is not as much of a monster if she can feel remorse and guilt even if it is in the form of her subconscious state.When she starts compulsively washing her hands shows a deeply troubled psyche and this contradicts in what she says earlier to Macbeth A atomic water clears us of this deed and then later she talks about the perfumes of Arabia. Shakespeares audience may have associated this with the mark of the devil, where a modern audience might see is as a dramatic representation of her anguish, guilt and torment that she cant get rid off. This is ironic because at the start of the play just after the murder of Duncan she tells Macbeth to wash his hands but is now trying to wash her own, her reference earlier What is done cannot be undone yet she cant accept her own statement or change the past.The imagery of li ght and sliminess is used around her. The light represents ingenuous where darkness shows evil. When she is sleep walking and feeling her guilt it is said that she must have light near her continually, whereas at the start of the play she called on darkness but now it is reversed because she now needs light.When she commits suicide this could be seen as a desperate act to cleanse her mind from the over advisement burden of guilt. She may have just broken down because she has suppressed these emotions whereas Macbeth analysed them and accepted them and therefore could move on, allowing him some release but condemning her into a trap and the only way out was to create her own demised she was that desperate for the guilt to stop tormenting her.In the end of the play after her death and the death of Macbeth, Malcolm refers to her as fiend-like queen this is an unfair statement of her character, but some may agree that she is responsible for some of the chaos and destruction at the en d of the play, after all it was her ambition that fuelled the cause of Macbeths rampage through Scotland because of his guilt and paranoia that started after she manipulated him into committing murder and becoming a traitor.One could judge her to be an over ambitious person that got sucked in with the idea of power and forgot that it could lead to her downfall. At the beginning of the play she comes across as being vindictive and heartless, a person that takes control and dominates Macbeth in to doing as she says To alter favour is to fear. Leave all the rest to me but as the story goes on she starts to lose that confidence and guilt and doubt start to take over her mind and it is then you start to feel sympathetic towards her. You could feel sorry for her because she had lost everything all because of her ambitious nature and now there was no going back.Some would only agree slightly with the statement Malcolm uses to describe her. At the beginning one may have expound her as a fi end, because of the way she takes charge in the murder and how she immediately jumps to that decision without thinking of the consequences. She is also impatient as she is to not be able to wait to see if the prophecy the witches said will become true. She has to make it become true herself and so takes matters into her own hands and does cause destruction and chaos around her.However she does not do this alone, Macbeth contributes to some of the chaos and destruction even if she was the one to start it. When Macbeth realises that he is in so far that he can not go back instead of stopping the murders he is doing he carries on whereas, Lady Macbeth stops and is consumed by guilt and takes it upon herself to end it. The original source of mischief could be the witches. They might be to blame for the devastation in Scotland, because of the prophecies they made. Without them Macbeth and Lady Macbeth may not have been tempted and tricked by their ambition that caused their downfall.Shak espeare reveals that no villain is entirely fiend-like and that there is a source of conscience within everyone. So in fairness the term fiend-like queen and the assessment of her memory responsibility for the chaos and destruction and is only partly true. Even though she is a part of the disarray, she is still not solely to blame. After all Macbeth also caused some of that destruction and chaos and even after her death he carried on with the battle between him and Malcolm.In a way they really were equal partners, because they were both evenly responsible for their own demise and the desegregation in their own mental status and in their relationship with each other, and how their own ambitions became besides much for not only the other to control, but for themselves. and that of the other characters in the play. A quote that conveys this is after the murder Lady Macbeth advises Macbeth not to think of his guilt and the irony of the statement she declares is that eventually she doe s think on the deeds and lives the truth in her own declaration. These deeds must not be thought after these ways so, it will make us mad. It would appear that she also wore a heart so white which earlier claimed that she would be ashamed of.

Coffee and Starbucks Corporation Essay

AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to our faculty Ms. Nusrat Huq for her constant support and motivation, and we would also like to thank her for assigning a topic to our group that has been preferably interesting to work with. We are immensely grateful to our friends and AIUB alumni who have been kind enough to share their knowledge with us. Last but not the least, our sincere gratitude goes to our well-thought-of families for their guidance and contribution in all aspects of our lives.EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAmong many other global coffee shops, Starbucks is the most popular. This article discusses the companys interior and external environments, its corporate strategies, organization structures, how they can improve their quality, and where there is room for success.In 1971, three young entrepreneurs began the Starbucks Corporation in Seattle Washington. Their key goal was to sell square coffee beans. Soon after, Starbucks began experiencing hug e growth, opening five stores all of which had roasting facilities, sold coffee beans and room for local restaurants. In 1987, Howard Schultz bought Starbucks from its original owners for $4 cardinal after expanding Starbucks by opening three coffee bars.These coffee bars were based on an idea that was originally proposed to the owner who recruited him into the corporation as theater director of retail and marketing. Overall, Schultz strategy for Starbucks was to grow slow. Starbucks went on to suffer financial losses and overhead operating expenses rose as Starbucks continued its slow expansion process. in spite of the initial financial troubles, Starbucks went on to expand to 870 stores by 1996. Sales increased 84%, which brought the corporation out of debt. With the growing success, Starbucks planned to open 2000 stores by course of instruction 2000.

Business ratios and formulas a comprehensive guide Essay

Net cyberspace margin of the company shows how much the lucre later on-tax profit make by a business for every $1 generated in revenue or sales (Bragg, 2008). A prouder net profit margin is better in comparison to that of its competitors.In 2011 and 2012, Tesco was more profitable followed by Morrisons Supermarkets PLC. However, in 2013, Morrisons Supermarkets PLC was more profitable followed by Sainsbury.RoceThis fiscal balance measures the profitability and efficiency of a company with which its seat of government is employed (Bragg, 2008). In 2011, Tesco was more profitable than Morrisons Supermarkets PLC and Sainsbury. The following year, it was overtaken by Morrisons Supermarkets PLC small-arm Sainsbury remained the least profitable. In year 2013, Morrisons Supermarkets PLC was the most profitable company followed by Sainsbury.Return on Equity ROE Return on faithfulness shows how much profit a firm earned compared to the total amount of shareholder equity as containe d in the balance sheet (Horrigan, 2010). In 2011, Tesco made a higher profit than Morrisons Supermarkets PLC and Sainsbury. It was Morrisons Supermarkets PLC . in year 2012 Morrisons Supermarkets PLC and Sainsbury inform a higher profit compared to the previous year musical composition Tesco reduced it profitability. However, the third companies reported disdain profit in 2013 than in 2011 and 2012. Morrisons Supermarkets PLC was more profitable followed by Sainsbury in 2013.Gross Profit circumference It is used to assess companys financial health by showing the proportion of money that is left over from sales revenue after deducting the cost of goods sold. It shows the financial health of a company (Jenkinson, 2011). In 2011, Tesco had the highest financial health followed by Morrisons Supermarkets PLC. In year 2012, all the three companies reported lower gross profit margin. Morrisons Supermarkets PLC and Sainsbury have had a stable gross profit margin.Net asset turnoverTh is is a financial measurement intend to measure how a company turns its assets into revenue (Horrigan, 2010).In 2011, Sainsbury was the most efficient company in turning assets into revenue compared to Morrisons Supermarkets PLC and Tesco. Tesco was performed the least in turning assets into revenue. In 2012, all the three companies had a lower net asset turnover with Sainsbury having the higher balance followed by Morrisons Supermarkets PLC. In 2013, Tesco and Sainsbury change magnitude their ratio while Morrisons Supermarkets PLCs ratio comed. Sainsbury still had the highest ratio followed by Morrisons Supermarkets PLC.Efficiency and effectiveness RatiosAsset turnover ratio This is a ratio of a firms sales to its assets. It is an efficiency ratio that shows how successfully a company uses its assets to generate revenue. A comparison of asset turnover ratio for the three companies shows that in 2011 Sainsbury was the most efficient company followed by Tesco in turning assets into revenue. In 2012, Tesco showed a decrease in efficiency which the other two companies increased theyre efficient. All the three companies increased their efficiency in use assets to generate sales with Morrisons Supermarkets PLC having the highest ratio followed by Sainsbury (Jenkinson, 2011).The debtors twenty-four hour periods ratio It is a measure of how quickly cash is collected from debtors. Different periods are compared for the same company since it is less meaningful since results largely think on the nature of the business. Tesco is the most efficient company in collecting cash. Morrisons Supermarkets PLC and Sainsbury have also been decreasing the number of days with Tesco having a lower collection period (Novak, 2009).Supplier credit daysThis shows the number of days that a company takes to pay its suppliers (Novack, 2009).In 2011 and 2012, the numbers of days for Morrisons Supermarkets PLC and Sainsbury has been increase which can be a sign of financial har dship or increase confidence of suppliers on the company. Tesco has a high ratio which could be a sign of a financial crisis.Stock holding period It refers to the period between the purchase of a product and its sale. There is a general decrease in the stock holding period for the three companies indicating an improvement in investment performance. Sainsbury have the highest holding period followed by Morrisons Supermarkets PLC (Palmer, 2013).Liquidity and capital ratiosQuick Ratio This determines if the company has resources to pay its short term liabilities with its liquid assets. The analysis shows that Morrisons Supermarkets PLC has the highest ability to pay its short-term debt followed by Sainsbury (Peles, 2008).Quick ratio It measures how a company can use its near cash or quick assets to retire its current liabilities immediately. Analysis shows that Morrisons Supermarkets PLC has the highest ability to convert its near cash items into cash in order to pay the debt followed by Sainsbury.Gearing ratiosDebt/equity ratioIt shows how a company finances its growth. Sainsbury has the highest debt in its capital structure compared to Tesco and Morrison. Tesco has the least debt ratio (Peles, 2008).Times interest covered This ratio is a measure of number of times a business can make the interest payments with its earnings on its debt before interest and taxes. Morrison has the lowest possibility of bankruptcy followed by Sainsbury.Capital accommodate ratio It measures financial strength of a company. Tesco is a high unfounded investment to investors. In 2013, Morrison was second after Tesco in terms of riskiness. Investors expect a high return in the future in Sainsbury compared to Morrison and in Tesco.Dividend give out It shows how much a company pays out the shareholders in divided relative to share price. Sainsbury have the highest dividend yield showing that investors get a lot of funds for investing in Sainsbury. When share price inc reases, shares with high dividend yield earn more cash. Investors who need cash prefer investing in shares that have high dividend yield.Dividend cover This shows the number of times dividends of a company paid to shareholders can be paid out of annual profits after tax. It is an indication of the probability which shows that dividends can be maintained in the future. In 2013, Morrison had the highest divide cover followed by Sainsbury (Shimerda, 2011).Corporate strategyMorrisons Supermarkets PLC can increase its profitability by using Tesco as a benchmark for its operations. This is because Tesco has a higher net profit margin and Return on capital employed. Morrisons Supermarkets PLC has not been effectively in efficiently utilizing their assets in generating more revenue. It should ensure that acquisitions are attractive and that they help the company increase its return. It should also ensure that they produce better products and services in order to combat competition. Some assets should also be sold.Morrisons Supermarkets PLC should also reduce the amount of debt from their capital structure. This is because it ranks second after Tesco in terms of capital gearing ratio. Debtors collection period should be reduced to a minimum.ReferencesBragg, S. M. (2008). Business ratios and formulas a comprehensive guide. Hoboken, N.J. Wiley.Horrigan, J. O. (2010). Financial ratio analysis an historical perspective. new(a) York Arno Press.Jenkinson, N. H. (2011). Investment, profitability and the valuation ratio. London Economics Division, Bank of England.Novack, D. E. (2009). Liquidity Ratios And Recent British Monetary Experience. The Journal of Finance, 13(4), 510-526.Palmer, J. E. (2013). Financial ratio analysis. New York, N.Y. American represent of Certified Public Accountants.Peles, Y. C., & Schneller, M. I. (2008). Liquidity Ratios and Industry Averages-New Evidence. Abacus, 15(1), 13-22.Schmidgall, R. S., & Defranco, A. L. (2009). Ratio Analysis Financia l Benchmarks for the Club Industry. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management , 12(1), 1-14.Shimerda, T. A. (2011). Financial ratios as predictors of profitability. Ann Arbor, Mich. University Microfilms International. credit document